KoreanParticles
All TOPIK levels

TOPIK II · Intermediate

TOPIK Level 4 Grammar List

11 particles and grammar patterns from level 4 of the official curriculum, each with its own lesson, examples and practice. At level 4 you can understand fairly simple news stories and articles, handle some everyday work tasks, and talk about social and abstract topics. It builds on level 3, so start there if any of it is new to you.

These lists keep growing. I'm adding new lessons level by level from the official curriculum, so more particles and grammar patterns will show up here as they're ready.

Particles 11

조차 / 마저Evenjocha / majeoMeans 'even' or 'so far as'. Often negative nuance.마저 is level 4 in the official curriculum, and 조차 is level 5.든지Indifference / Anydeun-jiNo matter what/who/when/where.(이)라도Second Best(i)radoSuggests the 'next best' thing when the ideal is missing.치고(는)Standard / Exceptionchigo-neunExpresses a standard for comparison or exceptions.(으)로서As (Role/Status)(eu)roseoIndicates a status, capacity, or qualification. 'As a...'(으)로써By Means Of(eu)rosseoIndicates an instrument, means, or method. 'By using...'커녕Far from / Let alonekeonyeongUsed to indicate that even the basic thing is impossible, let alone the advanced thing.(이)란What Something Is (Defining)(i)ranPicks out a topic to say what it is or what it's really like: 사랑이란 (sarangiran), "love is…".(이)야Of Course / Sure, but (Emphasis)(i)yaStresses a word to say "as for this, of course", often before a "but".(이)나마Even If Only (Making Do)(i)namaAccepts something that isn't ideal: "even if it's only…", "at least…".(이)며A, B, Everything (Listing)(i)myeoLists things one after another to show there's a lot: 옷이며 신발이며 (osimyeo sinbarimyeo), "clothes, shoes, everything".

Where these levels come from

Every lesson is tagged with its level in the official curriculum for learners of Korean from the National Institute of Korean Language (국립국어원, gungnipgugeowon), the 국제 통용 한국어 표준 교육과정 (gukje tongyong hangugeo pyojun gyoyukgwajeong), "International Standard Curriculum of Korean". It sorts Korean grammar into six levels, matching TOPIK's six-level scale, where TOPIK I covers levels 1 and 2, and TOPIK II covers levels 3 to 6.

TOPIK's official site doesn't publish a grammar list, so this curriculum is the closest thing to an official one.